Bioscience BSc (Hons)

Cells are the fundamental units of life. In this module, you will be introduced to the many different types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with their identifying characteristics, structures and properties. You will examine eukaryote cellular organelles, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, endomembrane system, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the cytoskeleton, together with the cell growth and division cycle, with particular emphasis on mitosis and meiosis. An overview of bacterial, viral and organelle diseases is given, which underpins the ‘General Microbiology’ and ‘Principles of Pathology’ modules, delivered later in the course. Laboratory skills, including microscopy, spectroscopy and sub-cellular fractionation techniques are developed throughout the module, as are key numerical skills in analysing and presenting data.

This module, which runs throughout the year, addresses key biological concepts and the scientific methods which underpin our study of biology. We introduce a broad range of topics including among others, chemistry for the biosciences, cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, and the fundamentals of animal and plant biology. We explore the history of the different disciplines of biology, and put into practice a number of fundamental scientific techniques. These lectures will help you to understand how we have arrived at the major theories of biology. These topics will then be explored in greater detail in other modules. We also introduce the main disciplines of biomedical science, themes which run through the entire course. Key scientific skills will be developed, such as the ability to design experiments, carry them out competently, and present and describe your data effectively. As part of Core Biology, personal tutorials help you develop those key skills needed to succeed in higher education. You will write a personal development plan, to help you foster those transferable skills which are part of a broader university education.

On this module you will learn about how the human body works at various levels going from the underlying biochemistry, to basic cell biology and on to how cells form tissues. You will go on to study how organs function and interact in organ systems. The emphasis is on how structure at all these levels is related to function. All through the module you will find out how the body maintains a constant internal environment (homeostasis) and how this helps maintain health. You will also learn how disruptions to this homeostasis can lead to disease. The organs and systems covered in this module include the brain, nervous system and the special senses, the heart and cardiovascular physiology, the respiratory system and the lymphatic and immune systems. There will also be an introduction to haematology. There are lots of practicals in this module, including dissections, which will help you understand the concepts covered in class. On this module you will be introduced to concepts that have a strong medical relevance, focussing on how health is maintain.

This module goes hand in hand with Human Anatomy and Physiology 1. On this module you will gain an understanding of the following organ systems: the musculoskeletal system, the endocrine system, the urinary system and fluid and electrolyte balance, the integumentary system, the digestive system including the liver and biliary system, the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, and the reproductive system. You will also learn about embryonic development. You will learn about how health is maintained and also develop an understanding of how disease, disorder and dysfunction occur in the various systems. The module forms the foundations of knowledge about the functioning of the human body which is vital for studying many modules that come later on in the degree, including ‘The Physiology of Organ Systems’ and ‘Principles of Pathology’ in the second year and ‘Human Pathology’ and ‘Clinical Immunology’ in the third year.

This module goes hand in hand with topics covered in 'Foundations of Cell Biology' and provides a sound basis for understanding the processes of life at the molecular level. Key aspects of biochemistry and molecular biology are considered, including the four major classes of biological macromolecules, enzyme structure, function and kinetics. An overview of the central, energy generating pathways of metabolism (Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation) is provided to underpin more advanced material delivered in ‘Metabolism and its Control’, later in the course. Genetic material, its replication and the mechanisms and control of gene expression are also studied. Throughout the module a number of different biochemical techniques, including chromatography, measuring enzymatic reactions and protein purification will be discussed and then employed in laboratory practicals. The module concludes by looking at the basics of genetic engineering, focusing on the use of restriction enzymes and cloning vectors. Students will also be guided through some of the basic calculations which are used daily in working Biomedical Science laboratories.

This module introduces the use of statistics and computing software in the biosciences. Although we focus on biological applications, the quantitative and IT skills you will gain will be of benefit in a number of graduate employment roles. You will be shown how to use information in the form of data to answer questions about biological systems, and learn a range of visual data presentation and statistical techniques. We will also show you how to choose the most appropriate technique for a range of data types and circumstances, perform and interpret numerical and graphical analyses correctly, and communicate the results clearly and transparently.

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms - organisms that are too small to be seen without magnification. The taxonomic diversity of microorganisms is reflected in the huge diversity of their lifestyles. In this module you will explore the major groups of microorganism: bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protists and viruses. In so doing, you will learn the basic concepts of microbiology and apply them to a scientific understanding of the subject area. You will consider the diversity of microorganisms from many different perspectives including their cell structure (if present), function, taxonomy and ecology. Microorganisms have a long history of association - mostly negative - with humans, and the importance of microorganisms as human pathogens is explored, as are their actual and potential uses. Throughout this module you will be introduced to the latest advances in microbiology, whilst also learning a sound basic understanding. Furthermore, through a series of laboratory-based classes, you will be given training in handling microorganisms and the use of the aseptic technique as the basis for preparing cultures. You will also acquire the fundamental practical skills required by microbiologists and biomedical scientists, including performing a Gram stain, viable counts, subculturing techniques and maintaining safe and efficient working practices. The laboratory sessions are held within a well-equipped microbiology suite. The range of laboratory techniques experienced in this module coupled with the broad theoretical basis will be useful for a range of laboratory-based careers, particularly in the biomedical sciences.

This second year module is designed to prepare the student for their third year research project; the third year project can be based around practical laboratory research, a meta-analysis of a literature topic or bioinformatics. This module will introduce the concept of independent, student-directed research, giving them the opportunity to design and propose their own research project. During the process, each student will be assigned a supervisor to help and guide them through the process, from the initial concept to the final research proposal. The module will deliver a range of lectures, workshops and practical work designed to introduce information, skills and requirements necessary for preparing a successful research proposal. These include defining and developing a conceptual framework, finding and reviewing relevant literature, identifying and understanding appropriate materials and methods for analyses, understanding the potential outcomes and impact of the research, ethical considerations, and health and safety considerations. The module will contain a laboratory-based practical/theoretical assessment designed to test the student’s ability to undertake essential research techniques; this mark will be used to help determine the student’s suitability for the types of third year project available. In addition, the student will attend small group/individual sessions with their assigned supervisor to give research- and project-specific guidance. The module will culminate in the production of a written proposal outlining and justifying the research topic the student would like to undertake.

Disease and injury cause detrimental changes in molecular and cellular processes, resulting in loss of cell and organ function. By understanding these processes and the roles that they play in disease, we are able to develop more effective diagnostic techniques and treatments. From this module, you will gain knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin pathological processes. You will learn how a range of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites exploit a host for nutrition and reproduction. In parallel, you will learn about the immune system and inflammatory processes, and how these protect against pathogenic invaders. This is accompanied by a study of the processes of wound repair and cell injury/death. You will also study the role of genomic changes in a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. This will be complemented by an introduction to the newly emerging field of bioinformatics (the study of 'big data') and to more traditional analysis of disease occurrence through epidemiology. Finally, you will learn about the range of diagnostic techniques currently used in pathology laboratories. You will learn through lectures, a laboratory practical and working through case studies. In addition, you’ll work in a group to create and present a poster, enhancing your skills in presentation, literacy, group working and data analysis – important employability skills. Your learning is supported by online and library resources.

You'll be encouraged to explore of your professional/occupational practice, along the strands developed in previous modules, as a source of learning. In this module you'll be expected to demonstrate a significant degree of autonomy in the management of your learning, demonstrate a detailed knowledge of relevant theoretical underpinning and be able to analyse and evaluate both information and argument. You'll be required to demonstrate the application of theory to practice and will be in a work environment for a substantial part of this module. During this work placement you'll be required to keep a diary which will assist in the production of an action plan which will reflect upon your work practice. You'll agree a topic with module tutor and produce a report on this. The topic must be related to your work practice. Demonstration of an ability to work within a team will be an important aspect of the placement and report. You'll be required to log at least 45 hours of work practice. This must be IT related and may be at the your existing place of employment. An appropriate placement will be found for those that are unable to find A suitable work placement.

This module is designed to develop your experience and understanding of techniques that are used in the Biomedical Sciences in both clinical and research settings. You will be provided with experience in a variety of laboratory skills appropriate to the key subjects of Molecular Biology, Cellular Pathology, Haematology and Medical Microbiology. In addition to equipping you with essential laboratory skills, you will have continued engagement with good laboratory practice and health and safety practices that are required of biomedical scientists in research and clinical laboratories. You will also be provided with further experience in the analysis of experimental data. Additionally, this module will introduce you to techniques and experimental skills that could be employed during your final year research project. The majority of the teaching will be through practical classes where you will gain hands on experience of the techniques taught. Lectures will be used to provide further theoretical background to the techniques used and the processes required for the analysis, interpretation and presentation of results. Lectures and feedback sessions will take place during practical classes where appropriate. Teaching will be predominantly delivered by our lecturers but where appropriate, external lecturers will be employed to provide expert tuition, professional support and assistance. These will include biomedical and research scientists.

In this second year module you will learn about the structure, function and inheritance of genes. You will learn how genes give a biological explanation for how organisms look, function and even behave. You will develop your understanding of how variation in genes provides the raw material for evolution. You will start by learning the classical patterns of inheritance, building on concepts covered in the first year module Core Biology 1. You will go on to learn how these classical patterns may be more complicated as two or more genes interact. You will learn how chromosomes may be mutated and the effects of these mutations on the body. Also in this module you will find out about the genetics not only of individuals but also of whole populations. You will learn about the genetics of cancer and epigenetics and about current methods of genetic analysis. The concepts you learn in class will be backed up by practicals you will carry out in the laboratory where you will work in groups to conduct breeding experiments, stain chromosomes to view under a microscope and use various techniques to carry out genetic analysis of DNA. Lectures covering concepts are followed by genetic problems or case studies to work on in class. As well as gaining specific subject knowledge, this module will help you to develop a number of transferable skills including practical laboratory techniques and other skills relevant to general employment including data collection, handling and presentation and report writing.

Diagnostic Techniques in Pathology introduces the biomedical science diagnostic disciplines of medical microbiology, clinical chemistry, cellular pathology, haematology and immunology. This will include the day to day workings of an NHS pathology department as well as the scientific background of the diagnostic procedures performed. In this module you will learn to describe and discuss basic sample handling, storage and screening within the various pathology laboratories. There is a firm grounding in the legal requirements for safe working practice, ethical issues and quality assurance procedures and you will study legislation governing these, which will enable them to identify potential risks and hazards within pathology laboratories. You will explore the concepts of reference ranges and the use, analysis and evaluation of quality control data, as well as a range of separation techniques and the principles behind some of the major analytical methods. Finally you will learn the fundamental principles used in obtaining results and how results are communicated to service users. Assessment is based on a series of linked assignments, some of which can also be used as supporting evidence for the construction of the IBMS registration portfolio. Teaching is delivered by appropriately qualified academic/biomedical scientists.

Building on the knowledge you will gain in the first year, you will further examine a range of metabolic pathways with a view to gaining a detailed understanding of the overall strategy of metabolism and the internal logic of key metabolic pathways. You will also discuss the effects of drugs and inhibitors and the role of allosteric enzymes in the feedback control of metabolism. Attention is also paid to the organisation of the genome and how genetic material is transcribed and translated. This leads to an understanding of the significance of inborn errors of metabolism and the effects of therapeutic drugs on individual reactions of metabolism. Finally there is more examination of cellular specialisation and the structure and biological functions of the major cellular organelles, as well as intracellular trafficking and hormonal signalling. While providing you with detailed subject specific knowledge, this module will help you to develop a number of transferable skills including practical (laboratory) techniques and skills relevant to general employment including report writing, data collection, handling and presentation.

Cambridge is regarded as the ‘home’ of molecular cell biology, and is the hub of the UK biotechnology industry. This module will extend your knowledge and understanding of cell structure, function and disease at the molecular level, with particular emphasis on the evaluation and discussion of the experimental evidence that has contributed to current concepts, models and treatments. Processes such as signal transduction, protein sorting, protein targeting, phagocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis are discussed as part of your overall consideration of the relationship between molecular structure and biological function in cells and their substructures. Viral infection of eukaryotic cells will also be given detailed consideration, as will the role of viruses in oncogenesis and other factors that contribute to the molecular basis of cancer. Case studies are used to extend your ability to critically analyse data derived from the increasingly sophisticated techniques used to study biology at the molecular and cellular level. This module is recommended for those undertaking their research project in allied subjects.

You will create in a substantial piece of individual research and/or product development work, focused on a topic of your choice. You could choose your topic from a variety of sources including research groups, previous/current work experience, your current employer, a suggestion from your tutor or a topic you are specifically interested in. You will identify problems and issues, conduct literature reviews, evaluate information, investigate and adopt suitable development methodologies, determine solutions, develop hardware, software and/or media artifacts as appropriate, process data, critically appraise and present your finding using a variety of media. Regular meetings with your project supervisor will ensure your project is closely monitored and steered in the right direction.

The knowledge and skills of biomedical science and pathology are being applied to an ever increasing number of specialist fields. In this module you’ll develop a deeper understanding of these advanced specialisms. It will build upon your knowledge of routine diagnostic pathology disciplines gained in the ‘Diagnostic Techniques in Pathology’ module and you will learn to apply these to a range of specialist fields in the clinical, pharmaceutical and forensic pathology sectors, ranging from reproduction and fertility, through paediatrics and neonatology to gerontology, and from pharmacology and neurology to drug monitoring and forensic pathology. You’ll consider the theoretical and practical aspects of pathology through the application of knowledge and practical skills in each discipline. Additionally, you’ll gain an appreciation of the governance and legislations involved in these specialisms. This module is designed to impart a systematic knowledge of the theory, skills and techniques required of a graduate biomedical scientist and additionally, prepare you for careers in a variety of specialist fields.

Identify and develop detailed knowledge and understanding of topics at the forefront of the study of Cell and Molecular Biology. Over the 12 week semester you’ll choose a series of topics for discussion and debate, both within the classroom setting and online. You’ll work to promote awareness and understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of current theory and research focus as well as considering the ethics of science, its public understanding and how advances in science can be effectively communicated to the wider public audience. You’ll improve your research and discussion skills with many of the exchange of ideas will take place using the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE).

Our increased understanding of genetics has had a profound impact on human affairs. Much of our food and clothing and increasingly, therapeutic agents, come from genetically improved organisms. An increasing proportion of human illnesses have been shown to have a genetic component. Genetic knowledge and research have provoked new insights into the way we see ourselves, particularly in relation to the rest of the biological world. Building from the concepts introduced in ‘Core Biology’, ‘Principles of Genetics’ and ‘Metabolism and its Control’, you will focus on the enormous input genetics has had into our understanding of, and developing treatments for, human disease. Topics such as epigenetic and chromosomal changes, genetics of inborn errors of metabolism, pharmacogenetics and the advent of personalised medicine, developmental genetics, and genetics of cancer are discussed, among others. There will also be an opportunity for you to put your views forward with regards to the ethical dilemmas presented by our greater understanding of and ability to manipulate the genome.

This module aims to cover some of the most topical and exciting recent developments in biomedical science, focussing particularly on those advances which are likely to become key elements of biomedical careers in the near future. You will learn about next generation DNA sequencing, the gut microbiota, metabolomics, proteomics, stem cell therapy and CRISPR/CAS9 gene editing. This module is taught in a variety of ways; as well as going to lectures, you will learn through going to journal clubs, workshops, a ‘Dragon’s Den’-style group exercise, and by attending three conference days. The first conference day offers insight into the different career paths that are open to graduates of Biomedical Science, through presentations by speakers at various stages of diverse careers. The second conference day focusses specifically on routes of entry into research-centred careers. The third day aims to develop your skills of critical analysis, by presenting a poster and attending a series of presentations by eminent guest researchers. This module places emphasis on self-directed learning, you are encouraged to rely more on current journal articles than standard texts.