Expectations for student learning outside class
Our students are expected to engage in learning activities in and out of class. Module Definition Forms should set out this expectation clearly and tutors should regularly reassert the need for engagement in study activities that span formal timetabled sessions and independent self-directed activities
Typically, self-directed or independent learning accounts for two-thirds to three-quarters of the total time a student is expected to spend on a module.
Research
Research shows that students are aware that they are responsible for much of their learning throughout their course. However, they may not understand what form this takes, nor may they have all of the skills that they need in order to become effective independent learners.
This is especially the case for students who are new to higher education. School leavers will be used to much more structured learning and are likely to view their independent learning at university as equivalent to ‘homework’. Students who have been away from education for some time may be very uncertain about what is expected of them.
Supporting independent learning
Providing support for independent learning involves:
- providing structure – guidance on tasks that will be effective use of time, rather than simply ‘doing more’
- linking independent learning to class sessions – ensure that independent learning tasks relate to work undertaken in taught sessions
- ensuring that students have the requisite skills – academic skills and time management are key elements
This guidance is based on the conclusions of a consultant-led project at Anglia Ruskin in 2017. This establishes a staged model for the development of undergraduate independent learning.
Further resources
- Independent learning webinar
- ARU independent learning guidance for staff (Resources on Canvas - requires staff login)
- Independent learning - a guide for staff
- The Student Engagement Partnership
- Study Skills Plus
- Independent learning tips for teaching staff postcard
The diagram on this page shows three different levels of independent learning, from the time a student starts university to the point at which they graduate, and the degree of autonomy associated with each level.
Level 4: directed
- mostly set activities
- clear articulation with taught curriculum
- support for academic skills
Level 5: guided
- explicit part of the curriculum
- wider variety and freedom
- support for new study skills
Level 6: facilitated
- student-led
- personal to student
- research-relevant
- support for professional skills